Section: Infections
Topic: Ecology, Evolution, Population biology
Population genetics of Glossina palpalis gambiensis in the sleeping sickness focus of Boffa (Guinea) before and after eight years of vector control: no effect of control despite a significant decrease of human exposure to the disease
10.24072/pcjournal.383 - Peer Community Journal, Volume 4 (2024), article no. e21.
Get full text PDF Peer reviewed and recommended by PCI
Human African trypanosomosis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness, is still a major concern in endemic countries. Its cyclical vector are biting insects of the genus Glossina or tsetse flies. In Guinea, the mangrove ecosystem contains the main HAT foci of Western Africa. There, the cyclical vector is Glossina palpalis gambiensis. A still ongoing vector control campaign (VCC) started in 2011 in the focus of Boffa, using tiny targets, with a 79% tsetse density reduction in 2016 and significant impact on the prevalence of the disease (from 0.3% in 2011 to 0.11% in 2013, 0.0352% in 2016 and 0.0097% in 2019). To assess the sustainability of these results, we have studied the impact of this VCC on the population biology of G. p. gambiensis in Boffa. We used the genotyping at 11 microsatellite markers and population genetic tools of tsetse flies from different sites and at different dates before and after the beginning of the VCC. In variance with a significant impact of VCC on the apparent densities of flies captured in the traps deployed, the global population of G. p. gambiensis displayed no variation of the sex-ratio, no genetic signature of control, and behaved as a very large population occupying the entire zone. This implies that targets deployment efficiently protected the human populations locally, but did not impact tsetse flies where targets cannot be deployed and where the main tsetse population exploits available resources. We thus recommend the pursuit of vector control measures with the same strategy, through the joint effect of VCC and medical surveys and treatments, in order to protect human populations from HAT infections until the disease can be considered as entirely eradicated from the focus.
Type: Research article
CC-BY 4.0
@article{10_24072_pcjournal_383,
author = {Kagbadouno, Moise S and S\'er\'e, Modou and S\'egard, Adeline and Camara, Abdoulaye Dansy and Camara, Mamadou and Bucheton, Bruno and Bart, Jean-Mathieu and Courtin, Fabrice and De Mee\^us, Thierry and Ravel, Sophie},
title = {Population genetics of {\protect\emph{Glossina} palpalis gambiensis} in the sleeping sickness focus of {Boffa} {(Guinea)} before and after eight years of vector control: no effect of control despite a significant decrease of human exposure to the disease},
journal = {Peer Community Journal},
eid = {e21},
publisher = {Peer Community In},
volume = {4},
year = {2024},
doi = {10.24072/pcjournal.383},
language = {en},
url = {https://peercommunityjournal.org/articles/10.24072/pcjournal.383/}
}
TY - JOUR AU - Kagbadouno, Moise S AU - Séré, Modou AU - Ségard, Adeline AU - Camara, Abdoulaye Dansy AU - Camara, Mamadou AU - Bucheton, Bruno AU - Bart, Jean-Mathieu AU - Courtin, Fabrice AU - De Meeûs, Thierry AU - Ravel, Sophie TI - Population genetics of Glossina palpalis gambiensis in the sleeping sickness focus of Boffa (Guinea) before and after eight years of vector control: no effect of control despite a significant decrease of human exposure to the disease JO - Peer Community Journal PY - 2024 VL - 4 PB - Peer Community In UR - https://peercommunityjournal.org/articles/10.24072/pcjournal.383/ DO - 10.24072/pcjournal.383 LA - en ID - 10_24072_pcjournal_383 ER -
%0 Journal Article %A Kagbadouno, Moise S %A Séré, Modou %A Ségard, Adeline %A Camara, Abdoulaye Dansy %A Camara, Mamadou %A Bucheton, Bruno %A Bart, Jean-Mathieu %A Courtin, Fabrice %A De Meeûs, Thierry %A Ravel, Sophie %T Population genetics of Glossina palpalis gambiensis in the sleeping sickness focus of Boffa (Guinea) before and after eight years of vector control: no effect of control despite a significant decrease of human exposure to the disease %J Peer Community Journal %D 2024 %V 4 %I Peer Community In %U https://peercommunityjournal.org/articles/10.24072/pcjournal.383/ %R 10.24072/pcjournal.383 %G en %F 10_24072_pcjournal_383
Kagbadouno, Moise S; Séré, Modou; Ségard, Adeline; Camara, Abdoulaye Dansy; Camara, Mamadou; Bucheton, Bruno; Bart, Jean-Mathieu; Courtin, Fabrice; De Meeûs, Thierry; Ravel, Sophie. Population genetics of Glossina palpalis gambiensis in the sleeping sickness focus of Boffa (Guinea) before and after eight years of vector control: no effect of control despite a significant decrease of human exposure to the disease. Peer Community Journal, Volume 4 (2024), article no. e21. doi : 10.24072/pcjournal.383. https://peercommunityjournal.org/articles/10.24072/pcjournal.383/
PCI peer reviews and recommendation, and links to data, scripts, code and supplementary information: 10.24072/pci.infections.100191
Conflict of interest of the recommender and peer reviewers:
The recommender in charge of the evaluation of the article and the reviewers declared that they have no conflict of interest (as defined in the code of conduct of PCI) with the authors or with the content of the article.
[1] Drug resistance in African trypanosomiasis: the melarsoprol and pentamidine story, Trends in Parasitology, Volume 29 (2013) no. 3, pp. 110-118
[2] Heterozygote excess in small populations and the heterozygote-excess effective population size, Evolution, Volume 58 (2004) no. 9, p. 1891-900 | DOI
[3] GENETIX 4.05, logiciel sous Windows TM pour la génétique des populations. Laboratoire Génome, Populations, Interactions, CNRS UMR 5000, Université de Montpellier II, Montpellier (France), 2004 (https://kimura.univ-montp2.fr/genetix/)
[4] The control of the false discovery rate in multiple testing under dependency, The Annals of Statistics, Volume 29 (2001) no. 4, pp. 1165-1188 | DOI
[5] Population genetics of Glossina palpalis palpalis in sleeping sickness foci of Côte d’Ivoire before and after vector control, Infection, Genetics and Evolution, Volume 75 (2019) | DOI
[6] Population sizes and dispersal pattern of tsetse flies: rolling on the river?, Molecular Ecology, Volume 18 (2009), pp. 2787-2797 | DOI
[7] Mapping landscape friction to locate isolated tsetse populations that are candidates for elimination, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 112 (2015) no. 47, pp. 14575-14580 | DOI
[8] Population structuring of Glossina palpalis gambiensis (Diptera: Glossinidae) according to landscape fragmentation in the Mouhoun river, Burkina Faso, Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 44 (2007) no. 5, pp. 788-795 | DOI
[9] The interplay between environmental and host factors during an outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis in eastern Sudan, Microbes and Infection, Volume 4 (2002) no. 14, pp. 1449-1457 | DOI
[10] Do cryptic reservoirs threaten gambiense-sleeping sickness elimination?, Trends in Parasitology, Volume 34 (2018) no. 3, pp. 197-207 | DOI
[11] Genetic and morphometric evidence for population isolation of Glossina palpalis gambiensis (Diptera : Glossinidae) on the Loos islands, Guinea, Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 43 (2006) no. 5, pp. 853-860 | DOI
[12] Accelerating elimination of sleeping sickness from the Guinean littoral through enhanced screening in the post-Ebola context: A retrospective analysis, PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Volume 15 (2021) no. 2, p. e0009163 | DOI
[13] Microsatellite null alleles and estimation of population differentiation, Molecular Biology and Evolution, Volume 24 (2007) no. 3, pp. 621-631 | DOI
[14] CREATE: a software to create input files from diploid genotypic data for 52 genetic software programs, Molecular Ecology Resources, Volume 8 (2008), pp. 578-580 | DOI
[15] Description and power analysis of two tests for detecting recent population bottlenecks from allele frequency data, Genetics, Volume 144 (1996) no. 4, pp. 2001-2014 | DOI
[16] Reducing Human-Tsetse Contact Significantly Enhances the Efficacy of Sleeping Sickness Active Screening Campaigns: A Promising Result in the Context of Elimination, PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Volume 9 (2015) no. 8 | DOI
[17] A geographical approach to identify sleeping sickness risk factors in a mangrove ecosystem, Tropical Medicine & International Health, Volume 15 (2010) no. 8, pp. 881-889 | DOI
[18] Peuplements, mobilités et paysages en zone de mangrove guinéenne : le cas de la baie de Sangaréah (Guinée), Les Cahiers d’Outre-Mer, Volume 256 (2011), pp. 453-466 | DOI
[19] Revisiting FIS, FST, Wahlund Effects, and Null Alleles, Journal of Heredity, Volume 109 (2017) no. 4, pp. 446-456 | DOI
[20] Deceptive combined effects of short allele dominance and stuttering: an example with Ixodes scapularis, the main vector of Lyme disease in the U.S.A., Peer Community Journal, Volume 1 (2021), p. e40 | DOI
[21] MultiTest V.1.2, a program to binomially combine independent tests and performance comparison with other related methods on proportional data, BMC Bioinformatics, Volume 10 (2009) no. 1, p. 443 | DOI
[22] Non-Mendelian transmission of alleles at microsatellite loci: an example in Ixodes ricinus, the vector of Lyme disease, International Journal for Parasitology, Volume 34 (2004) no. 8, pp. 943-950 | DOI
[23] Molecular epidemiology of clonal diploids: A quick overview and a short DIY (do it yourself) notice, Infection, Genetics and Evolution, Volume 6 (2006) no. 2, pp. 163-170 | DOI
[24] Population genetics and molecular epidemiology or how to "débusquer la bête", Infection Genetics and Evolution, Volume 7 (2007) no. 2, pp. 308-332 | DOI
[25] A simple procedure to detect, test for the presence of stuttering, and cure stuttered data with spreadsheet programs, Peer Community Journal, Volume 2 (2022), p. e52 | DOI
[26] A new and almost perfectly accurate approximation of the eigenvalue effective population size of a dioecious population: comparisons with other estimates and detailed proofs, Peer Community Journal, Volume 3 (2023), p. e51 | DOI
[27] Negative density dependent dispersal in tsetse flies: a risk for control campaigns?, Trends in Parasitology, Volume 35 (2019) no. 8, pp. 615-621 | DOI
[28] Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Volume 39 (1977), pp. 1-38 | DOI
[29] NeEstimator v2: re‐implementation of software for the estimation of contemporary effective population size (Ne) from genetic data, Molecular Ecology Resources, Volume 14 (2013) no. 1, pp. 209-214 | DOI
[30] Extending the R commander by "plug in" packages, R News, Volume 7 (2007) no. 3, pp. 46-52 (https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-help/attachments/20071101/3603125e/attachment.pdf)
[31] The R commander: a basic statistics graphical user interface to R, Journal of Statistical Software, Volume 14 (2005) no. 9, pp. 1-42 | DOI
[32] Fstat (ver. 2.9.4), a program to estimate and test population genetics parameters., Updated from Goudet (1995) (2003) (http://www.t-de-meeus.fr/Programs/Fstat294.zip)
[33] FSTAT (Version 1.2): A computer program to calculate F-statistics, Journal of Heredity, Volume 86 (1995) no. 6, pp. 485-486 | DOI
[34] The different levels of population structuring of dogwhelks, Nucella lapillus, along the south Devon coast, Genetics and Evolution of Aquatic Organisms, Chapman and Hall, London, 1994, pp. 81-95
[35] Testing differentiation in diploid populations, Genetics, Volume 144 (1996) no. 4, pp. 1933-1940 | DOI
[36] First WHO meeting of stakeholders on elimination of gambiense human african trypanosomiasis, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Volume 8 (2014) no. 10, p. e3244 | DOI
[37] Untreated human infections by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense are not 100% Fatal, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Volume 6 (2012) no. 6, p. e1691 | DOI
[38] Trypanosoma brucei gambiense group 2: the unusual suspect, Trends in Parasitology, Volume 35 (2019) no. 12, pp. 983-995 | DOI
[39] COLONY: a program for parentage and sibship inference from multilocus genotype data, Mol Ecol Resour, Volume 10 (2010) no. 3, pp. 551-555 | DOI
[40] Unbiased estimator for genetic drift and effective population size, Genetics, Volume 177 (2007), pp. 927-935 | DOI
[41] First evidence that parasite infecting apparent aparasitemic serological suspects in human African trypanosomiasis are Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and are similar to those found in patients, Infection Genetics and Evolution, Volume 11 (2011), pp. 1250-1255 | DOI
[42] Epidemiology of sleeping sickness in boffa (Guinea): where are the trypanosomes?, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Volume 6 (2012) no. 12, p. e1949 | DOI
[43] All data for the preprint Population genetics of Glossina palpalis gambiensis in the sleeping sickness focus of Boffa (Guinea) before and after eight years of vector control: no effect of control despite a significant decrease of human exposure to the disease, Zenodo, 2023 | DOI
[44] Population genetics and reproductive strategies of african trypanosomes : revisiting available published data, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Volume 9 (2015) no. 10, p. e0003985 | DOI
[45] Population genetics of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense , the agent of sleeping sickness in Western Africa, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 106 (2009) no. 1, pp. 209-214 | DOI
[46] Microsatellite polymorphism in the tsetse fies (Diptera: Glossinidae), Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 38 (2001), pp. 376-381 | DOI
[47] Detecting Wahlund effects together with amplification problems : cryptic species, null alleles and short allele dominance in Glossina pallidipes populations from Tanzania, Molecular Ecology Resources, Volume 19 (2019) no. 3, pp. 757-772 | DOI
[48] Population genetics of Glossina palpalis palpalis from central African sleeping sickness foci, Parasites & Vectors, Volume 4 (2011) no. 1 | DOI
[49] Reaching the last miles for transmission interruption of sleeping sickness in Guinea: follow-up of achievements and policy making using microsatellites-based population genetics, Peer Community In Infections (2024), p. 100191 | DOI
[50] Genetic drift and estimation of effective population size, Genetics, Volume 98 (1981), pp. 625-640 | DOI
[51] Estimation of effective number of breeders from molecular coancestry of single cohort sample, Evolutionary Applications, Volume 1 (2008) no. 3, pp. 462-474 | DOI
[52] Accounting for missing data in the estimation of contemporary genetic effective population size (Ne), Molecular Ecology Resources, Volume 13 (2012) no. 2, pp. 243-253 | DOI
[53] A new method for estimating the effective population size from allele frequency changes, Genetics, Volume 104 (1983), pp. 531-548 | DOI
[54] On the potential for estimating the effective number of breeders from heterozygote excess in progeny, Genetics, Volume 144 (1996), pp. 383-387 | DOI
[55] R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, 2022 (http://www.R-project.org)
[56] The tsetse fly Glossina palpalis palpalis is composed of several genetically differentiated small populations in the sleeping sickness focus of Bonon, Côte d'Ivoire, Infection Genetics and Evolution, Volume 7 (2007) no. 1, pp. 116-125 | DOI
[57] Population genetics of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes from southern Chad, Peer Community Journal, Volume 3 (2023), p. e31 | DOI
[58] Developing and quality testing of microsatellite loci for four species of Glossina, Infection Genetics and Evolution, Volume 85 (2020), p. 104515 | DOI
[59] The interpretation of genotypic ratios in domestic animal populations, Animal Production, Volume 7 (1965), pp. 319-324 | DOI
[60] Monitoring the Progress towards the Elimination of Gambiense Human African Trypanosomiasis, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Volume 9 (2015) no. 6, p. e0003785 | DOI
[61] Microsatellite markers for genetic population studies in Glossina palpalis (Diptera: Glossinidae), Acta Tropica, Volume 65 (1997) no. 3, pp. 175-180 | DOI
[62] The population structure of Glossina palpalis gambiensis from island and continental locations in coastal Guinea, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Volume 3 (2009) no. 3, p. e392 | DOI
[63] Development of nine microsatellite loci for Trypanosoma lewisi, a potential human pathogen in Western Africa and South-East Asia, and preliminary population genetics analyses, Peer Community Journal, Volume 2 (2022), p. e69 | DOI
[64] ESTIM 1.0: a computer program to infer population parameters from one- and two-locus gene identity probabilities, Molecular Ecology Notes, Volume 1 (2001) no. 4, pp. 354-356 | DOI
[65] Estimation of effective population size and migration rate from one- and two-locus identity measures, Genetics, Volume 157 (2001) no. 2, pp. 911-925 | DOI
[66] A new method for estimating effective population sizes from a single sample of multilocus genotypes, Molecular Ecology, Volume 18 (2009) no. 10, pp. 2148-2164 | DOI
[67] Estimating effective population size and migration rates from genetic samples over space and time, Genetics, Volume 163 (2003) no. 1, pp. 429-446 | DOI
[68] Linkage disequilibrium estimates of contemporary Ne using highly variable genetic markers: a largely untapped resource for applied conservation and evolution, Evolutionary Applications, Volume 3 (2010) no. 3, pp. 244-262 | DOI
[69] Population genomics reveals the origin and asexual evolution of human infective trypanosomes, eLife, Volume 5 (2016), p. e11473 | DOI
[70] Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure, Evolution, Volume 38 (1984) no. 6, pp. 1358-1370 | DOI
[71] Tsetse fly (Diptera: Glossinidae) population dynamics and the estimation of mortality rates from life-table data, Bulletin of Entomological Research, Volume 80 (1990), pp. 479-485 | DOI
[72] The interpretation of population structure by F-statistics with special regard to system of mating, Evolution, Volume 19 (1965), pp. 395-420 | DOI
Cited by Sources: