Section: Genomics
Topic: Genetics/Genomics, Evolution

Karyorelict ciliates use an ambiguous genetic code with context-dependent stop/sense codons

10.24072/pcjournal.141 - Peer Community Journal, Volume 2 (2022), article no. e42.

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In ambiguous stop/sense genetic codes, the stop codon(s) not only terminate translation but can also encode amino acids. Such codes have evolved at least four times in eukaryotes, twice among ciliates (Condylostoma magnum and Parduczia sp.). These have appeared to be isolated cases whose next closest relatives use conventional stop codons. However, little genomic data have been published for the Karyorelictea, the ciliate class that contains Parduczia sp., and previous studies may have overlooked ambiguous codes because of their apparent rarity. We therefore analyzed single-cell transcriptomes from four of the six karyorelict families to determine their genetic codes. Reassignment of canonical stops to sense codons was inferred from codon frequencies in conserved protein domains, while the actual stop codon was predicted from full-length transcripts with intact 3’-untranslated regions (3’-UTRs). We found that all available karyorelicts use the Parduczia code, where canonical stops UAA and UAG are reassigned to glutamine, and UGA encodes either tryptophan or stop. Furthermore, a small minority of transcripts may use an ambiguous stop-UAA instead of stop-UGA. Given the ubiquity of karyorelicts in marine coastal sediments, ambiguous genetic codes are not mere marginal curiosities but a defining feature of a globally distributed and diverse group of eukaryotes.

Published online:
DOI: 10.24072/pcjournal.141
Type: Research article
Seah, Brandon Kwee Boon 1; Singh, Aditi 1; Swart, Estienne Carl 1

1 Max Planck Institute for Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
License: CC-BY 4.0
Copyrights: The authors retain unrestricted copyrights and publishing rights
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Seah, Brandon Kwee Boon; Singh, Aditi; Swart, Estienne Carl. Karyorelict ciliates use an ambiguous genetic code with context-dependent stop/sense codons. Peer Community Journal, Volume 2 (2022), article  no. e42. doi : 10.24072/pcjournal.141. https://peercommunityjournal.org/articles/10.24072/pcjournal.141/

Peer reviewed and recommended by PCI : 10.24072/pci.genomics.100019

Conflict of interest of the recommender and peer reviewers:
The recommender in charge of the evaluation of the article and the reviewers declared that they have no conflict of interest (as defined in the code of conduct of PCI) with the authors or with the content of the article.

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