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Section: Evolutionary Biology
Topic: Evolution, Genetics/Genomics, Population biology

Towards an improved understanding of molecular evolution: the relative roles of selection, drift, and everything in between

Pouyet, Fanny1, 2, 3, 4  ; Gilbert, Kimberbly J.5, 1, 6, 4  
1 Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Switzerland
2 Interdisciplinary laboratory of Digital Sciences, Universite Paris-Saclay, France
3 Sorbonne Universite, CNRS, IBPS, Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative Biology, France
4 Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
5 Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Switzerland
6 Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland

10.24072/pcjournal.16 - Peer Community Journal, Volume 1 (2021), article no. e27.

Get full text PDF Peer reviewed and recommended by PCI

A major goal of molecular evolutionary biology is to identify loci or regions of the genome under selection versus those evolving in a neutral manner. Correct identification allows accurate inference of the evolutionary process and thus comprehension of historical and contemporary processes driving phenotypic change and adaptation. A fundamental difficulty lies in distinguishing sites targeted by selection from both sites linked to these targets and sites fully independent of selection. These three categories of sites necessitate attention in light of the debate over the relative importance of selection versus neutrality and the neutral theory. Modern genomic insights have proved that complex processes such as linkage, demography, and biased gene conversion complicate our understanding of the role of neutral versus selective processes in evolution. In this perspective, we first highlight the importance of the genomic and (a)biotic context of new mutations to identify the targets of natural selection. We then present mechanisms that may constrain the evolution of genomes and bias the inference of selection. We discuss these mechanisms within the two critical levels that they occur: the population level and the molecular level. We highlight that they should be taken into account to correctly distinguish sites across the genome subject to selective or non-selective forces and stress that a major current field-wide goal is to quantify the absolute importance of these mechanisms.

Published online:
DOI: 10.24072/pcjournal.16
Type: Opinion, perspective
Pouyet, Fanny 1, 2, 3, 4; Gilbert, Kimberbly J. 5, 1, 6, 4

1 Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Switzerland
2 Interdisciplinary laboratory of Digital Sciences, Universite Paris-Saclay, France
3 Sorbonne Universite, CNRS, IBPS, Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative Biology, France
4 Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
5 Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Switzerland
6 Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
License: CC-BY 4.0
Copyrights: The authors retain unrestricted copyrights and publishing rights 
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Pouyet, Fanny; Gilbert, Kimberbly J. Towards an improved understanding of molecular evolution: the relative roles of selection, drift, and everything in between. Peer Community Journal, Volume 1 (2021), article  no. e27. doi : 10.24072/pcjournal.16. https://peercommunityjournal.org/articles/10.24072/pcjournal.16/

Peer reviewed and recommended by PCI : 10.24072/pci.evolbiol.100103

Conflict of interest of the recommender and peer reviewers:
The recommender in charge of the evaluation of the article and the reviewers declared that they have no conflict of interest (as defined in the code of conduct of PCI) with the authors or with the content of the article.

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