Section: Paleontology
Topic: Evolution, Paleontology, Anthropology

OH 89: A newly described ~1.8-million-year-old hominid clavicle from Olduvai Gorge

Taylor, Catherine E1  ; Masao, Fidelis2, 3 ; Njau, Jackson K4, 5 ; Songita, Agustino Venance3; Hlusko, Leslea J1, 6  
1 Human Evolution Research Center, University of California Berkeley – Berkeley, CA, USA
2 University of Dar es Salaam – Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
3 Conservation Olduvai Project – Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
4 Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Indiana University – Bloomington, Indiana, USA
5 The Stone Age Institute – Bloomington, Indiana, USA
6 Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana – Burgos, Spain

10.24072/pcjournal.372 - Peer Community Journal, Volume 4 (2024), article no. e34.

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Objectives Here, we describe the morphology and geologic context of OH 89, a ∼1.8million-year-old partial hominid clavicle from Olduvai (Oldupai) Gorge, Tanzania. We compare the morphology and clavicular curvature of OH 89 to modern humans, extant apes, and a sample of other hominid fossil clavicles. Materials and Methods Comparative samples include 25 modern human clavicles, 30 Gorilla, 31 Pan, 7 Papio, and five hominid clavicles. Length regression on midshaft size using the extant comparative samples is used to estimate the total length of OH 89. A set of 9 linear measurements are taken from each individual. We also describe a new methodology for measuring clavicular curvature using measurements of sternal and acromial curvature, from which an overall curvature measurement is calculated. A principal component analysis (PCA) and a t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (tSNE) analysis are used to compare the morphology of OH 89 with the extant and fossil comparative samples. Results Our new method of measuring clavicular curvature successfully separates the different genera of the extant clavicles. The length estimate and sternal and acromial curve measurements for OH 89 falls within the larger male humans. The PCA shows OH 89 and most of the fossil hominids falling between the modern human and Pan groups, while the t-SNE suggests that OH 89, KSD-VP-1/1, KNM-ER 1808, and OH 48 are more similar to each other than to any of the other groups. This analysis also plots KNM-WT 15000 with the modern humans and Krapina 158 with the Pan individuals. Discussion The OH 89 clavicle derives from an individual of unknown hominid species with a shoulder breadth similar to that of a large human male. The curvature of OH 89 is relatively human-like relative to its length. Our new methodology for measuring clavicular curvature, combined with the utilization of t-SNE analyses and comparison of t-SNE results to PCA results, provides greater separation of genera than previously used methods, and wider use of t-SNE may be useful in paleoanthropological work.

Published online:
DOI: 10.24072/pcjournal.372
Type: Research article
Keywords: paleontology, evolution, paleoanthropology, Pleistocene, variation

Taylor, Catherine E 1; Masao, Fidelis 2, 3; Njau, Jackson K 4, 5; Songita, Agustino Venance 3; Hlusko, Leslea J 1, 6

1 Human Evolution Research Center, University of California Berkeley – Berkeley, CA, USA
2 University of Dar es Salaam – Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
3 Conservation Olduvai Project – Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
4 Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Indiana University – Bloomington, Indiana, USA
5 The Stone Age Institute – Bloomington, Indiana, USA
6 Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana – Burgos, Spain
License: CC-BY 4.0
Copyrights: The authors retain unrestricted copyrights and publishing rights 
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Taylor, Catherine E; Masao, Fidelis; Njau, Jackson K; Songita, Agustino Venance; Hlusko, Leslea J. OH 89: A newly described ~1.8-million-year-old hominid clavicle from Olduvai Gorge. Peer Community Journal, Volume 4 (2024), article  no. e34. doi : 10.24072/pcjournal.372. https://peercommunityjournal.org/articles/10.24072/pcjournal.372/

PCI peer reviews and recommendation, and links to data, scripts, code and supplementary information: 10.24072/pci.paleo.100218

Conflict of interest of the recommender and peer reviewers:
The recommender in charge of the evaluation of the article and the reviewers declared that they have no conflict of interest (as defined in the code of conduct of PCI) with the authors or with the content of the article.

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