Browse by volume Browse by section Browse by topic Browse by conference

Section: Zoology
Topic: Ecology

A comparison of the parasitoid wasp species richness of tropical forest sites in Peru and Uganda – subfamily Rhyssinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

Hopkins, Tapani1  ; Tuomisto, Hanna2, 3 ; Gómez, Isrrael C.1; Sääksjärvi, Ilari E.1 
1 Zoological Museum, Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, Finland
2 Department of Biology, University of Turku, Finland
3 Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Denmark

10.24072/pcjournal.398 - Peer Community Journal, Volume 4 (2024), article no. e35.

Get full text PDF Peer reviewed and recommended by PCI

The global distribution of parasitoid wasp species richness is poorly known. Past attempts to compare data from different sites have been hampered by small sample sizes and lack of standardisation. During the past decades, we have carried out long-term Malaise trapping using a standardised approach in the tropical forests of Peru (western Amazonia) and Uganda (eastern Africa). Here, we test how well such data can be used for global comparisons, by comparing the results for the subfamily Rhyssinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). We found that more rhyssine species were caught in Peru than in Uganda, despite the Ugandan samples containing many more individuals both in absolute terms and per unit time. The difference in the number of individuals caught may largely be due to more rainfall in Peru, since rain reduces Malaise trap catches. Peruvian traps caught species at a faster rate (per individual caught) than Ugandan traps. We interpret this as a sign that the Peruvian sites have more species than the Ugandan site. Long-term, standardised Malaise trapping showed promise for global comparisons of species richness. Sampling more sites on both continents, and analysing all subfamilies, would give an estimate of which continent has more parasitoid wasp species. We suggest some refinements to the sampling design that would further improve sampling efficiency for future studies.

Published online:
DOI: 10.24072/pcjournal.398
Type: Research article
Keywords: biodiversity, idiobiont parasitoids, latitudinal diversity gradient, Malaise trap, Uganda Malaise trapping 2014-2015, Amazon Malaise trapping 2000
Hopkins, Tapani 1; Tuomisto, Hanna 2, 3; Gómez, Isrrael C. 1; Sääksjärvi, Ilari E. 1

1 Zoological Museum, Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, Finland
2 Department of Biology, University of Turku, Finland
3 Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Denmark
License: CC-BY 4.0
Copyrights: The authors retain unrestricted copyrights and publishing rights 
@article{10_24072_pcjournal_398,
     author = {Hopkins, Tapani and Tuomisto, Hanna and G\'omez, Isrrael C. and S\"a\"aksj\"arvi, Ilari E.},
     title = {A comparison of the parasitoid wasp species richness of tropical forest sites in {Peru} and {Uganda} {\textendash} subfamily {Rhyssinae} {(Hymenoptera:} {Ichneumonidae)}},
     journal = {Peer Community Journal},
     eid = {e35},
     publisher = {Peer Community In},
     volume = {4},
     year = {2024},
     doi = {10.24072/pcjournal.398},
     language = {en},
     url = {https://peercommunityjournal.org/articles/10.24072/pcjournal.398/}
}
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hopkins, Tapani
AU  - Tuomisto, Hanna
AU  - Gómez, Isrrael C.
AU  - Sääksjärvi, Ilari E.
TI  - A comparison of the parasitoid wasp species richness of tropical forest sites in Peru and Uganda – subfamily Rhyssinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
JO  - Peer Community Journal
PY  - 2024
VL  - 4
PB  - Peer Community In
UR  - https://peercommunityjournal.org/articles/10.24072/pcjournal.398/
DO  - 10.24072/pcjournal.398
LA  - en
ID  - 10_24072_pcjournal_398
ER  - 
%0 Journal Article
%A Hopkins, Tapani
%A Tuomisto, Hanna
%A Gómez, Isrrael C.
%A Sääksjärvi, Ilari E.
%T A comparison of the parasitoid wasp species richness of tropical forest sites in Peru and Uganda – subfamily Rhyssinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
%J Peer Community Journal
%D 2024
%V 4
%I Peer Community In
%U https://peercommunityjournal.org/articles/10.24072/pcjournal.398/
%R 10.24072/pcjournal.398
%G en
%F 10_24072_pcjournal_398
Hopkins, Tapani; Tuomisto, Hanna; Gómez, Isrrael C.; Sääksjärvi, Ilari E. A comparison of the parasitoid wasp species richness of tropical forest sites in Peru and Uganda – subfamily Rhyssinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Peer Community Journal, Volume 4 (2024), article  no. e35. doi : 10.24072/pcjournal.398. https://peercommunityjournal.org/articles/10.24072/pcjournal.398/

Peer reviewed and recommended by PCI : 10.24072/pci.zool.100249

Conflict of interest of the recommender and peer reviewers:
The recommender in charge of the evaluation of the article and the reviewers declared that they have no conflict of interest (as defined in the code of conduct of PCI) with the authors or with the content of the article.

[1] AABP Atrium Atrium Biodiversity Information System for the Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program at the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Version 1.8, http://atrium.andesamazon.org, 2013 (http://atrium.andesamazon.org)

[2] van Achterberg, C. Can Townes type Malaise traps be improved? Some recent developments, Entomologische berichten, Volume 69 (2009) no. 4, pp. 129-135

[3] Brehm, G.; Colwell, R. K.; Kluge, J. The role of environment and mid-domain effect on moth species richness along a tropical elevational gradient, Global Ecology and Biogeography, Volume 16 (2007) no. 2, pp. 205-219 | DOI

[4] Chapman, C. A.; Lambert, J. E. Habitat alteration and the conservation of African primates: Case study of Kibale National Park, Uganda, American Journal of Primatology, Volume 50 (2000) no. 3, pp. 169-185 | DOI

[5] Chapman, C. A.; Wrangham, R. W.; Chapman, L. J.; Kennard, D. K.; Zanne, A. E. Fruit and flower phenology at two sites in Kibale National Park, Uganda, Journal of Tropical Ecology, Volume 15 (1999) no. 2, pp. 189-211 | DOI

[6] Chimeno, C.; Schmidt, S.; Araujo, B. C. d.; Perez, K.; Rintelen, T. v.; Schmidt, O.; Hamid, H.; Narakusumo, R. P.; Balke, M. Abundant, diverse, unknown: Extreme species richness and turnover despite drastic undersampling in two closely placed tropical Malaise traps, PLOS ONE, Volume 18 (2023) no. 8, p. e0290173 | DOI

[7] Dixon, J. R.; Soini, P. The Reptiles of the Upper Amazon Basin, Iquitos Region, Peru I. Lizards and Amphisbaenians, Contributions in Biology and Geology / Milwaukee Public Museum (1975), p. 61

[8] Dixon, J. R.; Soini, P. The Reptiles of the Upper Amazon Basin, Iquitos Region, Peru II. Crocodilians, turtles and snakes, Contributions in Biology and Geology / Milwaukee Public Museum (1977)

[9] Fagua, G. Two sides of tropical richness, parasitoid wasps collected by Malaise traps in tropical rainforests of South America and Africa, Peer Community in Zoology, Volume 1 (2024), p. 100249 | DOI

[10] Fernandes, G. W.; Price, P. W. Biogeographical Gradients in Galling Species Richness. Tests of Hypotheses, Oecologia, Volume 76 (1988) no. 2, pp. 161-167

[11] Fraser, S. E.; Dytham, C.; Mayhew, P. J. The effectiveness and optimal use of Malaise traps for monitoring parasitoid wasps, Insect Conservation and Diversity, Volume 1 (2008) no. 1, pp. 22-31 | DOI

[12] Gaston, K. J.; Gauld, I. D. How many species of pimplines (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) are there in Costa Rica?, Journal of Tropical Ecology, Volume 9 (1993) no. 4, pp. 491-499 | DOI

[13] Gauld, I. D. The Ichneumonidae of Costa Rica, 1, Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, Volume 47 (1991), pp. 1-589

[14] Gentry, A. H. Neotropical Floristic Diversity: Phytogeographical Connections Between Central and South America, Pleistocene Climatic Fluctuations, or an Accident of the Andean Orogeny?, Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Volume 69 (1982) no. 3 | DOI

[15] Gentry, A. H. Tree species richness of upper Amazonian forests, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 85 (1988) no. 1, pp. 156-159 | DOI

[16] Gómez, I. C.; Sääksjärvi, I. E.; Broad, G. R.; Puhakka, L.; Castillo, C.; Peña, C.; Pádua, D. G. The Neotropical species of Xanthopimpla Saussure (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae), Zootaxa, Volume 3774 (2014) no. 1, pp. 057-073 | DOI

[17] Gómez, I. C.; Sääksjärvi, I. E.; Mayhew, P. J.; Pollet, M.; Rey del Castillo, C.; Nieves-Aldrey, J.-L.; Broad, G. R.; Roininen, H.; Tuomisto, H. Variation in the species richness of parasitoid wasps (Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae and Rhyssinae) across sites on different continents, Insect Conservation and Diversity (2017) | DOI

[18] Gómez, I. C.; Sääksjärvi, I. E.; Puhakka, L.; Castillo, C.; Bordera, S. The Peruvian Amazonian species of Epirhyssa Cresson (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Rhyssinae), with notes on tropical species richness, Zootaxa, Volume 3937 (2015) no. 2, pp. 311-336 | DOI

[19] Gotelli, N. J.; Colwell, R. K. Estimating species richness, Biological diversity: frontiers in measurement and assessment (2011), pp. 39-54

[20] Hawkins, B. A. Ecology's oldest pattern?, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Volume 16 (2001) no. 8, p. 470 | DOI

[21] Hopkins, T.; Gómez, I.; Tuomisto, H.; Ruokolainen, K.; Cárdenas, G. G.; Mesones, I.; Vargas, V.; Sääksjärvi, I. E. Peru Malaise trapping data 1998 2000 2008 2011 [Dataset], Zenodo (2023) | DOI

[22] Hopkins, T.; Roininen, H.; Sääksjärvi, I. E. Extensive sampling reveals the phenology and habitat use of Afrotropical parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Rhyssinae), Royal Society Open Science, Volume 6 (2019) no. 8, p. 190913 | DOI

[23] Hopkins, T.; Roininen, H.; Sääksjärvi, I. E. Assessing the species richness of Afrotropical ichneumonid wasps with randomly placed traps provides ecologically informative data, African Entomology, Volume 26 (2018) no. 2, pp. 350-358 | DOI

[24] Hopkins, T.; Roininen, H.; Sääksjärvi, I. E. Uganda Malaise trapping 2014–2015 background data [Dataset], Zenodo (2019) (itemType: dataset) | DOI

[25] Hopkins, T.; Roininen, H.; van Noort, S.; Broad, G. R.; Kaunisto, K.; Sääksjärvi, I. E. Extensive sampling and thorough taxonomic assessment of Afrotropical Rhyssinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) reveals two new species and demonstrates the limitations of previous sampling efforts, ZooKeys, Volume 878 (2019), pp. 33-71 | DOI

[26] Hopkins, T.; Tuomisto, H.; Gómez, I.; Sääksjärvi, I. E. Data for comparison of Peruvian and Ugandan Rhyssinae [Dataset], Zenodo (2023) | DOI

[27] Janzen, D. H. The peak in North American ichneumonid species richness lies between 38 degrees and 42 degrees N, Ecology (1981), pp. 532-537 | DOI

[28] Janzen, D. H.; Pond, C. M. A comparison, by sweep sampling, of the arthropod fauna of secondary vegetation in Michigan, England and Costa Rica, Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Volume 127 (1975) no. 1, pp. 33-50 | DOI

[29] Karger, D. N.; Conrad, O.; Böhner, J.; Kawohl, T.; Kreft, H.; Soria-Auza, R. W.; Zimmermann, N. E.; Linder, H. P.; Kessler, M. Climatologies at high resolution for the earth’s land surface areas, Scientific Data, Volume 4 (2017) no. 1, p. 170122 | DOI

[30] Karger, D. N.; Conrad, O.; Böhner, J.; Kawohl, T.; Kreft, H.; Soria-Auza, R. W.; Zimmermann, N. E.; Linder, H. P.; Kessler, M. Climatologies at high resolution for the earth’s land surface areas, version 2.1, EnviDat (2021) | DOI

[31] Lamas, G. Los Papilionoidea (Lepidoptera) de la Zona Reservada de Tambopata, Madre de Dios, Peru. I: Papilionidae, Pieridae y Nymphalidae (en parte), Revista Peruana de Entolomogía, Volume 27 (1984) no. 1, pp. 59-73 | DOI

[32] Menne, M. J.; Durre, I.; Korzeniewski, B.; McNeal, S.; Thomas, K.; Yin, X.; Anthony, S.; Ray, R.; Vose, R. S.; Gleason, B. E.; Houston, T. G. Global Historical Climatology Network - Daily (GHCN-Daily), Version 3.27, NOAA National Climatic Data Center (2012) | DOI

[33] Molina-Martínez, A.; León-Cortés, J. L.; Regan, H. M. Climatic and geometric constraints as driving factors of butterfly species richness along a Neotropical elevational gradient, Journal of Insect Conservation, Volume 17 (2013) no. 6, pp. 1169-1180 | DOI

[34] Owen, D. F.; Owen, J. Species diversity in temperate and tropical Ichneumonidae, Nature, Volume 249 (1974), pp. 583-584 | DOI

[35] Pearson, D. L. A Pantropical Comparison of Bird Community Structure on Six Lowland Forest Sites, The Condor, Volume 79 (1977) no. 2, pp. 232-244 | DOI

[36] Pomara, L. Y.; Ruokolainen, K.; Tuomisto, H.; Young, K. R. Avian Composition Co-varies with Floristic Composition and Soil Nutrient Concentration in Amazonian Upland Forests, Biotropica, Volume 44 (2012) no. 4, pp. 545-553 | DOI

[37] Porter, C. C. A revision of the genus Epirhyssa (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Studia Entomologica, Volume 20 (1978), pp. 297-318

[38] Quicke, D. L. J. We know too little about parasitoid wasp distributions to draw any conclusions about latitudinal trends in species richness, body size and biology, PLoS ONE, Volume 7 (2012) no. 2 | DOI

[39] R Core Team R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, https://www.R-project.org/, 2017 (https://www.R-project.org/)

[40] Sääksjärvi, I. E.; Haataja, S.; Neuvonen, S.; Gauld, I. D.; Jussila, R.; Salo, J.; Burgos, A. M. High local species richness of parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae; Pimplinae and Rhyssinae) from the lowland rainforests of Peruvian Amazonia, Ecological Entomology, Volume 29 (2004) no. 6, pp. 735-743 | DOI

[41] Sääksjärvi, I. E.; Ruokolainen, K.; Tuomisto, H.; Haataja, S.; Fine, P. V. A.; Cárdenas, G.; Mesones, I.; Vargas, V. Comparing composition and diversity of parasitoid wasps and plants in an Amazonian rain-forest mosaic, Journal of Tropical Ecology, Volume 22 (2006) no. 02, pp. 167-176 | DOI

[42] Salovaara, K. J.; Cárdenas, G. G.; Tuomisto, H. Forest classification in an Amazonian rainforest landscape using pteridophytes as indicator species, Ecography, Volume 27 (2004) no. 6, pp. 689-700 | DOI

[43] Saunders, T. E.; Ward, D. F. Variation in the diversity and richness of parasitoid wasps based on sampling effort, PeerJ, Volume 6 (2018), p. e4642 | DOI

[44] Struhsaker, T. T. Ecology of an African rain forest: logging in Kibale and the conflict between conservation and exploitation, University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA, 1997

[45] Suominen, L.; Ruokolainen, K.; Pitkänen, T.; Tuomisto, H. Similar understorey structure in spite of edaphic and floristic dissimilarity in Amazonian forests, Acta Amazonica, Volume 45 (2015) no. 4, pp. 393-404 | DOI

[46] Timms, L. L.; Schwarzfeld, M.; Sääksjärvi, I. E. Extending understanding of latitudinal patterns in parasitoid wasp diversity, Insect Conservation and Diversity, Volume 9 (2016) no. 1, pp. 74-86 | DOI

[47] Tuomisto, H. An updated consumer’s guide to evenness and related indices, Oikos, Volume 121 (2012) no. 8, pp. 1203-1218 | DOI

[48] Vásquez Martínez, R.; Phillips, O. L. Allpahuayo: Floristics, Structure, and Dynamics of a High-Diversity Forest in Amazonian Peru, Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Volume 87 (2000) no. 4, p. 499 | DOI

[49] Whitney, B. M.; Alonso, J. A. A new Herpsilochmus antwren (Aves: Thamnophilidae) from northern Amazonian Peru and adjacent Ecuador: The role of edaphic heterogeneity of terra firme forest, The Auk (1998), pp. 559-576 | DOI

[50] Willig, M. R.; Kaufman, D. M.; Stevens, R. D. Latitudinal gradients of biodiversity: pattern, process, scale, and synthesis, Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, Volume 34 (2003) no. 1, pp. 273-309 | DOI

[51] Wolda, H. Altitude, habitat and tropical insect diversity, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 30 (1987) no. 4, pp. 313-323 | DOI

[52] Zuquim, G.; Tuomisto, H.; Jones, M. M.; Prado, J.; Figueiredo, F. O. G.; Moulatlet, G. M.; Costa, F. R. C.; Quesada, C. A.; Emilio, T. Predicting environmental gradients with fern species composition in Brazilian Amazonia, Journal of Vegetation Science, Volume 25 (2014) no. 5, pp. 1195-1207 | DOI

Cited by Sources: