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Section: Evolutionary Biology
Topic: Evolution, Plant biology

Durable resistance or efficient disease control? Adult Plant Resistance (APR) at the heart of the dilemma

Rimbaud, Loup1  ; Papaïx, Julien2; Rey, Jean-François2; Moury, Benoît1; Barrett, Luke G.3; Thrall, Peter H.4
1 INRAE Pathologie Végétale, 84143 Montfavet, France
2 INRAE BioSP, 84914 Avignon, France
3 CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra 2601 ACT, Australia
4 CSIRO National Collections & Marine Infrastructure, Canberra 2601 ACT, Australia

10.24072/pcjournal.271 - Peer Community Journal, Volume 3 (2023), article no. e43.

Get full text PDF Peer reviewed and recommended by PCI

Adult plant resistance (APR) is an incomplete and delayed protection of plants against pathogens. At first glance, such resistance should be less efficient than classical major-effect resistance genes, which confer complete resistance from seedling stage, to reduce epidemics. However, by allowing some ‘leaky’ levels of disease, APR genes are predicted to be more durable than major genes because they exert a weaker selection pressure on pathogens towards adaptation to resistance. However, the impact of partial efficiency and delayed mode of action of APR on the evolutionary and epidemiological outcomes of resistance deployment has never been tested. Using the demogenetic, spatially explicit, temporal, stochastic model landsepi, this study is a first attempt to investigate how resistance efficiency, age at the time of resistance activation and target pathogenicity trait jointly impact resistance durability and disease control at the landscape scale. Our numerical experiments explore the deployment of APR in a simulated agricultural landscape, alone or together with a major resistance gene. As a case study, the mathematical model has been parameterised for rust fungi (genus Puccinia) of cereal crops, for which extensive data are available. Our simulations confirm that weak efficiency and delayed activation of APR genes reduce the selection pressure applied on pathogens and their propensity to overcome resistance, but do not confer effective protection. On the other hand, stronger APR genes (which increase selection pressure on the pathogen) may be quickly overcome but have the potential to provide some disease protection in the short-term. This is attributed to strong competition between different pathogen genotypes and the presence of fitness costs of adaptation, especially when APR genes are deployed together with a major resistance gene via crop mixtures or rotations.

Published online:
DOI: 10.24072/pcjournal.271
Type: Research article
Keywords: adaptation, adult plant resistance, disease control, immunity, mature plant resistance, ontogenic, puccinia, resistance, resistance durability, rust, simulation modelling.
Rimbaud, Loup 1; Papaïx, Julien 2; Rey, Jean-François 2; Moury, Benoît 1; Barrett, Luke G. 3; Thrall, Peter H. 4

1 INRAE Pathologie Végétale, 84143 Montfavet, France
2 INRAE BioSP, 84914 Avignon, France
3 CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra 2601 ACT, Australia
4 CSIRO National Collections & Marine Infrastructure, Canberra 2601 ACT, Australia
License: CC-BY 4.0
Copyrights: The authors retain unrestricted copyrights and publishing rights 
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Rimbaud, Loup; Papaïx, Julien; Rey, Jean-François; Moury, Benoît; Barrett, Luke G.; Thrall, Peter H. Durable resistance or efficient disease control? Adult Plant Resistance (APR) at the heart of the dilemma. Peer Community Journal, Volume 3 (2023), article  no. e43. doi : 10.24072/pcjournal.271. https://peercommunityjournal.org/articles/10.24072/pcjournal.271/

Peer reviewed and recommended by PCI : 10.24072/pci.evolbiol.100628

Conflict of interest of the recommender and peer reviewers:
The recommender in charge of the evaluation of the article and the reviewers declared that they have no conflict of interest (as defined in the code of conduct of PCI) with the authors or with the content of the article.

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