Section: Ecology
Topic:
Ecology,
Environmental sciences,
Biology of interactions
Most diverse, most neglected: weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) are ubiquitous specialized brood-site pollinators of tropical flora
Corresponding author(s): Haran, Julien (julien.haran@cirad.fr)
10.24072/pcjournal.279 - Peer Community Journal, Volume 3 (2023), article no. e49.
Get full text PDF Peer reviewed and recommended by PCI
In tropical environments, and especially tropical rainforests, a major part of pollination services is provided by diverse insect lineages. Unbeknownst to most, beetles, and more specifically hyperdiverse weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea), play a substantial role there as specialized mutualist brood pollinators. The latter contrasts with a common view where they are only regarded as plant antagonists. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of what is known about plant-weevil brood-site mutualistic interactions, through a review of the known behavioral, morphological and physiological features found in these systems, and the identification of potential knowledge gaps. To date, plant-weevil associations have been described or indicated in no less than 600 instances. Representatives of major plant lineages are involved in these interactions, which have emerged independently at least a dozen times. Strikingly, these mutualistic interactions are associated with a range of convergent traits in plants and weevils. Plants engaged in weevil-mediated pollination are generally of typical cantharophilous type exhibiting large, white and fragrant flowers or inflorescences and they also show specific structures to host the larval stages of their specialist pollinators. Another characteristic feature is that flowers often perform thermogenesis and exhibit a range of strategies to separate sexual phases, either spatially or temporally. Conversely, lineages of brood-site weevil pollinators present numerous shared behavioral and physiological traits, and often form multispecific assemblages of closely related species on a single host; recent studies also revealed that they generally display a high degree of phylogenetic niche conservatism. This pollination mutualism occurs in all tropical regions, and the contrasts between the known and expected diversity of these systems suggests that a wide range of interactions remain to be described globally. Our early estimates of the species richness of the corresponding weevil clades and the marked pattern of phylogenetic niche conservatism of host use further suggest that weevil-based pollination far exceeds the diversity of other brood-site mutualistic systems, which are generally restricted to one or a few groups of plants. As such, weevil pollinators constitute a relevant model to explore the emergence and evolution of specialized brood-site pollination systems in the tropics.
Type: Research article
Haran, Julien 1; Kergoat, Gael J. 2; de Medeiros, Bruno A. S. 3, 4
CC-BY 4.0
@article{10_24072_pcjournal_279,
author = {Haran, Julien and Kergoat, Gael J. and de Medeiros, Bruno A. S.},
title = {Most diverse, most neglected: weevils {(Coleoptera:} {Curculionoidea)} are ubiquitous specialized brood-site pollinators of tropical flora},
journal = {Peer Community Journal},
eid = {e49},
publisher = {Peer Community In},
volume = {3},
year = {2023},
doi = {10.24072/pcjournal.279},
url = {https://peercommunityjournal.org/articles/10.24072/pcjournal.279/}
}
TY - JOUR AU - Haran, Julien AU - Kergoat, Gael J. AU - de Medeiros, Bruno A. S. TI - Most diverse, most neglected: weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) are ubiquitous specialized brood-site pollinators of tropical flora JO - Peer Community Journal PY - 2023 VL - 3 PB - Peer Community In UR - https://peercommunityjournal.org/articles/10.24072/pcjournal.279/ DO - 10.24072/pcjournal.279 ID - 10_24072_pcjournal_279 ER -
%0 Journal Article %A Haran, Julien %A Kergoat, Gael J. %A de Medeiros, Bruno A. S. %T Most diverse, most neglected: weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) are ubiquitous specialized brood-site pollinators of tropical flora %J Peer Community Journal %D 2023 %V 3 %I Peer Community In %U https://peercommunityjournal.org/articles/10.24072/pcjournal.279/ %R 10.24072/pcjournal.279 %F 10_24072_pcjournal_279
Haran, Julien; Kergoat, Gael J.; de Medeiros, Bruno A. S. Most diverse, most neglected: weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) are ubiquitous specialized brood-site pollinators of tropical flora. Peer Community Journal, Volume 3 (2023), article no. e49. doi : 10.24072/pcjournal.279. https://peercommunityjournal.org/articles/10.24072/pcjournal.279/
PCI peer reviews and recommendation, and links to data, scripts, code and supplementary information: 10.24072/pci.ecology.100505
Conflict of interest of the recommender and peer reviewers:
The recommender in charge of the evaluation of the article and the reviewers declared that they have no conflict of interest (as defined in the code of conduct of PCI) with the authors or with the content of the article.
[1] Environmental regulation of sex determination in oil palm: current knowledge and insights from other species, Annals of Botany, Volume 108 (2011) no. 8, pp. 1529-1537 | DOI
[2] Étude sur les insectes parasites du palmier à huile au Dahomey, Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquée, Volume 207 (1938), pp. 745-773
[3] A World Catalogue of Families and Genera of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) (Excepting Scolytidae and Platypodidae), Entomopraxis S.C.P., Barcelona, 1999
[4] An evolutionary perspective on diversity in Curculionoidea, Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, Volume 14 (1995), p. 130-114
[5] Weevils and plants: phylogenetic versus ecological mediation of evolution of host plant associations in curculioninae (coleoptera: curculionidae), Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, Volume 125 (1993) no. S165, pp. 197-232 | DOI
[6] An experimental study of the interaction between the dwarf palm (Chamaerops humilis) and its floral visitor Derelomus chamaeropsis throughout the life cycle of the weevil, Acta Oecologica, Volume 20 (1999) no. 5, pp. 551-558 | DOI
[7] Pollination by deceit in nutmeg ( Myristica insipida, Myristicaceae): floral displays and beetle activity at male and female trees, American Journal of Botany, Volume 84 (1997) no. 9, pp. 1266-1274 | DOI
[8] Flowering, Sex Ratios, Pollen-Ovule Ratios, Fruit Set, and Reproductive Effort of a Dioecious Tree, Myristica insipida (Myristicaceae), in Two Different Rain Forest Communities, American Journal of Botany, Volume 76 (1989) no. 1 | DOI
[9] Floral Biology of Myristica insipida (Myristicaceae), a Distinctive Beetle Pollination Syndrome, American Journal of Botany, Volume 76 (1989) no. 1 | DOI
[10] Functions of Staminodia in the Beetle-Pollinated Flowers of Eupomatia laurina, Biotropica, Volume 22 (1990) no. 4 | DOI
[11] Pollination-herbivory by weevils claiming for recognition: the Cinderella among pollinators, Peer Community in Ecology (2023) | DOI
[12] Diel Patterns of Activity for Insect Pollinators of Two Oil Palm Species (Arecales : Arecaceae), Journal of Insect Science, Volume 17 (2017) no. 2 | DOI
[13] Fine‐scale temporal dynamics of flower visitors sheds light on insect‐assemblage overlap between sexes in a dioecious Ecuadorian palm, Biotropica, Volume 55 (2022) no. 1, pp. 256-267 | DOI
[14] Flavonols and an oxychromonol from Piliostigma reticulatum, Phytochemistry, Volume 69 (2008) no. 11, pp. 2245-2250 | DOI
[15] Global biogeography and diversification of palms sheds light on the evolution of tropical lineages. I. Historical biogeography, Journal of Biogeography, Volume 40 (2013) no. 2, pp. 274-285 | DOI
[16] Reproductive biology of Syagrus coronata ( Arecaceae ): sex‐biased insect visitation and the unusual case of scent emission by peduncular bracts, Plant Biology, Volume 23 (2020) no. 1, pp. 100-110 | DOI
[17] Twenty-five years of progress in understanding pollination mechanisms in palms (Arecaceae), Annals of Botany, Volume 108 (2011) no. 8, pp. 1503-1516 | DOI
[18] Plant-Pollinator Interactions in Tropical Rain Forests, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Volume 21 (1990) no. 1, pp. 399-422 | DOI
[19] The origins of modern biodiversity on land, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Volume 365 (2010) no. 1558, pp. 3667-3679 | DOI
[20] Host selection by phytophagous insects, Chapman & Hall, New York, 1994
[21] Convergent evolution and adaptive radiation of beetle-pollinated angiosperms, Plant Systematics and Evolution, Volume 222 (2000) no. 1-4, pp. 293-320 | DOI
[22] Pollen Loads of Flower Visitors to Açaí Palm (Euterpe oleracea) and Implications for Management of Pollination Services, Neotropical Entomology, Volume 49 (2020) no. 4, pp. 482-490 | DOI
[23] Notas Entomológicas da Baía. XIII., Revista de Entomologia, Volume 14 (1943), pp. 337-388
[24] Notas Entomológicas da Baía. VII, Revista de Entomologia, Volume 12 (1941), pp. 286-303
[25] Patterns and Processes in Nocturnal and Crepuscular Pollination Services, The Quarterly Review of Biology, Volume 91 (2016) no. 4, pp. 389-418 | DOI
[26] Cycads: evolutionary innovations and the role of plant-derived neurotoxins, Trends in Plant Science, Volume 8 (2003) no. 9, pp. 446-452 | DOI
[27] Evolutionary dynamics of a cycad obligate pollination mutualism – Pattern and process in extant Macrozamia cycads and their specialist thrips pollinators, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Volume 93 (2015), pp. 83-93 | DOI
[28] Floral biology of a primary rain forest palm, Astrocaryum mexicanum Liebm., Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 94 (1987) no. 4, pp. 407-419 | DOI
[29] Curculioninae latreille, 1802., Handbook of Zoology. Coleoptera, Beetles – Morphology and Systematics, De Gruyter, Berlin, 2014, pp. 589-628
[30] Co-pollination, constancy, and efficiency over time: small beetles and the reproductive success of Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae) in the Colombian Orinoquia, Botany Letters, Volume 168 (2021) no. 3, pp. 395-407 | DOI
[31] Orchestrated Flowering and Interspecific Facilitation: Key Factors in the Maintenance of the Main Pollinator of Coexisting Threatened Species of Andean Wax Palms (Ceroxylon spp.), Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Volume 105 (2020) no. 3, pp. 281-299 | DOI
[32] The Evolution of Mutualistic Dependence, Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, Volume 51 (2020) no. 1, pp. 409-432 | DOI
[33] A Fig Crop Pollinated by Three or More Species of Agaonid Fig Wasps, African Entomology, Volume 17 (2009) no. 2, pp. 215-222 | DOI
[34] Origin and diversification of living cycads: a cautionary tale on the impact of the branching process prior in Bayesian molecular dating, BMC Evolutionary Biology, Volume 15 (2015) no. 1 | DOI
[35] Relationships to cycads, Zunino M, Belles X & Blas M, eds. Advances in Coleopterology, European Association of Coleopterology, 1991, pp. 13-28
[36] Laying the foundations for a new classification of Agaonidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), a multilocus phylogenetic approach, Cladistics, Volume 26 (2010) | DOI
[37] Fig-fig wasps mutualism: the fall of the strict cospeciation paradigm In: Evolution of Plant-Pollinator Interactions. Patiny S, ed., Cambridge University Press (2012), pp. 68-102
[38] Pollination syndrome of the African custard apple (Annona senegalensis Pers.) reveals reliance on specialized brood-site weevil pollinators in Annonaceae, Research Square Preprint (2023) | DOI
[39] Delimiting baridine weevil evolution (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Baridinae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 161 (2011) no. 1, pp. 88-156 | DOI
[40] Antiquity and Evolution of Prosternal Horns in Baridine Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Journal of Paleontology, Volume 84 (2010) no. 5, pp. 918-926 | DOI
[41] The natural history of conflict and cooperation in a community of palm flower insects In: Page R, Wcislo W, Aiello A, eds. Barro Colorado Island Centennial Book (2023) (in press)
[42] Flower visitors of the licuri palm ( Syagrus coronata ): brood pollinators coexist with a diverse community of antagonists and mutualists, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 126 (2019) no. 4, pp. 666-687 | DOI
[43] Systematic revision and morphological phylogenetic analysis of Anchylorhynchus Schoenherr, 1836 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Derelomini), Zootaxa, Volume 4839 (2020) no. 1 | DOI
[44] Three new species of Anchylorhynchus Schoenherr, 1836 from Colombia (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Curculioninae; Acalyptini), Zootaxa, Volume 3636 (2013) no. 2 | DOI
[45] Curculio Curculis lupus: biology, behavior and morphology of immatures of the cannibal weevil Anchylorhynchus eriospathae G. G. Bondar, 1943, PeerJ, Volume 2 (2014) | DOI
[46] Evaluating insect-host interactions as a driver of species divergence in palm flower weevils, Communications Biology, Volume 3 (2020) no. 1 | DOI
[47] New data on the entomophil pollination of oil palm in West Africa, Technical report, Socfindo, Medan, Indonesia (1981), pp. 1-47
[48] Toward a new synthesis: Major evolutionary trends in the angiosperm fossil record, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 97 (2000) no. 13, pp. 7030-7036 | DOI
[49] Is there a floral parasite mutualism in cycad pollination? the pollination biology of Encephalartos villosus (Zamiaceae), American Journal of Botany, Volume 84 (1997) no. 10, pp. 1398-1406 | DOI
[50] Population Structure of Porthetes hispidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a Pollinator of the African Cycad Encephalartos friderici-guilielmi, Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 102 (2009) no. 6, pp. 1126-1134 | DOI
[51] Molecular systematics and evolution in an African cycad-weevil interaction: Amorphocerini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae) weevils on Encephalartos, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Volume 47 (2008) no. 1, pp. 102-116 | DOI
[52] Genera Palmarum: The evolution and classification of palms, Kew Publishing, Kew (2008), pp. 1-732
[53] Cheating is not always punished: killer female plants and pollination by deceit in the dwarf palm Chamaerops humilis, Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Volume 17 (2004) no. 4, pp. 862-868 | DOI
[54] Conflicts between plants and pollinators that reproduce within inflorescences: evolutionary variations on a theme, Oikos, Volume 100 (2003) no. 1, pp. 3-14 | DOI
[55] When leaves act like flowers: how dwarf palms attract their pollinators, Ecology Letters, Volume 6 (2003) no. 1, pp. 28-34 | DOI
[56] Size–specific defensive structures in a horned weevil confirm a classic battle plan: avoid fights with larger opponents, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, Volume 267 (2000) no. 1448, pp. 1129-1134 | DOI
[57] Ritual Jousting by Horned Parisoschoenus expositus Weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Baridinae), Psyche: A Journal of Entomology, Volume 103 (2000) no. 1-2, pp. 55-84 | DOI
[58] The taxonomic impediment: a shortage of taxonomists, not the lack of technical approaches, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 193 (2021) no. 2, pp. 381-387 | DOI
[59] Floral scent chemistry and pollination ecology in phytelephantoid palms (Arecaceae), Plant Systematics and Evolution, Volume 217 (1999) no. 3-4, pp. 279-297 | DOI
[60] Factors Influencing Flight Capacity of the Mountain Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), Environmental Entomology, Volume 43 (2014) no. 1, pp. 187-196 | DOI
[61] Pollination Syndromes and Floral Specialization, Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, Volume 35 (2004) no. 1, pp. 375-403 | DOI
[62] Biological notes on two species of Oxycorynus (Coleoptera: Belidae) associated with parasitic plants of the genus Lophophytum (Balanophoraceae), and new distribution records in Argentina, Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, Volume 70 (2011) no. 3-4, pp. 351-355
[63] Morphology and biology of Napoleonaea vogelii (Lecythidaceae) flowers in relation to the natural history of insect visitors, Biotropica, Volume 33 (2001) no. 3, pp. 458-471
[64] Description and phylogeny of Staminodeus, a new genus of Derelomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) associated with Cyclanthaceae, The Coleopterists Bulletin, Volume 55 (2001) no. 4, pp. 411-432
[65] Revision and Phylogeny of Perelleschus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with notes on its association with Carludovica (Cyclanthaceae), Transactions of the American Entomological Society, Volume 127 (2003) no. 2, pp. 255-287
[66] Systematics of Cyclanthura gen. n., a new genus of Derelomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Insect Systematics & Evolution, Volume 34 (2003) no. 2, pp. 153-198 | DOI
[67] Analysing the history of the derelomine flower weevil-Carludovica association (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Cyclanthaceae), Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 81 (2004) no. 4, pp. 483-517 | DOI
[68] Towards a phylogenetic system of derelomine flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Systematic Entomology, Volume 31 (2006) no. 2, pp. 220-287 | DOI
[69] Reproductive trade-offs in a specialized plant/pollinator system involving Asplundia uncinata Harling (Cyclanthaceae) and a derelomine flower weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Plant Systematics and Evolution, Volume 269 (2007) no. 3-4, pp. 183-201 | DOI
[70] Pollination of Anthurium (Araceae) by derelomine flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Revista de Biología Tropical, Volume 55 (2007) no. 1 | DOI
[71] Revision, phylogeny and natural history of Cotithene Voss (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Zootaxa, Volume 1782 (2008) no. 1 | DOI
[72] Can higher-level phylogenies of weevils explain their evolutionary success? A critical review, Systematic Entomology, Volume 35 (2010) no. 4, pp. 597-606 | DOI
[73] Ganglionus, a New Genus of Derelomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Associated with Carludovica; (Cyclanthaceae), Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 94 (2001) no. 6, pp. 835-850 | DOI
[74] Evolutionary trends in derelomine flower weevils (Coleoptera : Curculionidae): from associations to homology, Invertebrate Systematics, Volume 19 (2005) no. 6 | DOI
[75] Phylogenomic dating and Bayesian biogeography illuminate an antitropical pattern for eucerine bees, Journal of Biogeography, Volume 49 (2022) no. 6, pp. 1034-1047 | DOI
[76] Intimacy and fidelity: internal and external feeding by the British microlepidoptera, Ecological Entomology, Volume 17 (1992) no. 1, pp. 86-88 | DOI
[77] Some pollination strategies in neotropical savannas and forests, Plant Systematics and Evolution, Volume 152 (1986) no. 1-2, pp. 29-45 | DOI
[78] Pollination and evolution in neotropical Annonaceae, Plant Species Biology, Volume 14 (1999) no. 2, pp. 143-152 | DOI
[79] Ecología de la polinización de Syagrus smithii (Arecaceae), una palma cantarofila de la Amazonia Colombiana, Revista Peruana de Biología, Volume 24 (2017) no. 1, pp. 43-54 | DOI
[80] Large herbivores transform plant-pollinator networks in an African savanna, Current Biology, Volume 31 (2021) no. 13 | DOI
[81] The origin of an extreme case of sister‐species sympatry in a palm‐pollinator mutualistic system, Journal of Biogeography, Volume 48 (2021) no. 12, pp. 3158-3169 | DOI
[82] Ebenacobius Haran, a new southern African genus of flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculioninae: Derelomini) associated with dicotyledonous plants, European Journal of Taxonomy, Volume 818 (2022) | DOI
[83] List of weevils involved in brood site pollination. Published records and new observations (Version 1), Zenodo ([Data set]) (2023) | DOI
[84] From monocots to dicots: host shifts in Afrotropical derelomine weevils shed light on the evolution of non-obligatory brood pollination mutualism, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 137 (2022) no. 1, pp. 15-29 | DOI
[85] Revision of the palm-pollinating weevil genus Elaeidobius Kuschel, 1952 (Curculionidae, Curculioninae, Derelomini) with descriptions of two new species, European Journal of Taxonomy (2020) no. 684 | DOI
[86] Diversification and coevolution in brood pollination mutualisms: Windows into the role of biotic interactions in generating biological diversity, American Journal of Botany, Volume 103 (2016) no. 10, pp. 1783-1792 | DOI
[87] A review of pollination studies in the Palmae, The Botanical Review, Volume 52 (1986) no. 3, pp. 221-259 | DOI
[88] Pollination of Bactris (Palmae) in an Amazon Forest, Brittonia, Volume 52 (2000) no. 2 | DOI
[89] Evolutionary Ecology of Figs and Their Associates: Recent Progress and Outstanding Puzzles, Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, Volume 39 (2008) no. 1, pp. 439-458 | DOI
[90] Coléoptères Curculionides, Faune de France, 3, Lechevalier, Paris, 1958 no. 62
[91] Pollen and pollination in the Eupomatiaceae, Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, Volume 83 (1958), pp. 1-582
[92] Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Miltotranes Zimmerman, 1994 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae), the Bowenia-Pollinating Cycad Weevils in Australia, with Description of a New Species and Implications for the Systematics of Bowenia, Insects, Volume 13 (2022) no. 5 | DOI
[93] Synopsis des Curculionides de la faune malgache, Bulletin de l’Académie Malgache, Volume 7 (1924), pp. 1-582
[94] The assessment report of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services on pollinators, pollination and food production, Zenodo (2016) | DOI
[95] How to be a Fig, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Volume 10 (1979) no. 1, pp. 13-51 | DOI
[96] Why do fig wasps actively pollinate monoecious figs?, Oecologia, Volume 134 (2003) no. 3, pp. 381-387 | DOI
[97] One fig to bind them all: host conservatism in a fig wasp community unraveled by cospeciation analyses among pollinating and non pollinating fig wasps, Evolution, Volume 62 (2008) no. 7, pp. 1777-1797 | DOI
[98] Diel fragrance pattern correlates with olfactory preferences of diurnal and nocturnal flower visitors in Salix caprea (Salicaceae), Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 175 (2014) no. 4, pp. 624-640 | DOI
[99] Repeated independent evolution of obligate pollination mutualism in the Phyllantheae– Epicephala association, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Volume 276 (2009) no. 1656, pp. 417-426 | DOI
[100] Seed-beetles in the age of the molecule: recent advances on systematics and host-plant association patterns, Jolivet P, Santiago-Blay J & Schmitt M, eds. Researches on Chrysomelidae, Volume 1, Brill, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2008, pp. 59-86
[101] Opposite macroevolutionary responses to environmental changes in grasses and insects during the Neogene grassland expansion, Nature Communications, Volume 9 (2018) no. 1 | DOI
[102] Evolution of Spermophagus seed beetles (Coleoptera, Bruchinae, Amblycerini) indicates both synchronous and delayed colonizations of host plants, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Volume 89 (2015), pp. 91-103 | DOI
[103] Defining the limits of taxonomic conservatism in host–plant use for phytophagous insects: Molecular systematics and evolution of host–plant associations in the seed-beetle genus Bruchus Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Volume 43 (2007) no. 1, pp. 251-269 | DOI
[104] Insects as Flower Visitors and Pollinators, Annual Review of Entomology, Volume 28 (1983) no. 1, pp. 407-453 | DOI
[105] Flowers are essential to maintain high beetle diversity (Coleoptera) in a Neotropical rainforest canopy, Journal of Natural History, Volume 54 (2020) no. 25-26, pp. 1661-1696 | DOI
[106] Flower Scent and Pollination in Selected Neotropical Palms, Plant Biology, Volume 3 (2001) no. 6, pp. 642-653 | DOI
[107] Study on the Tribe Ochyromerini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from East Asia I, Descriptions of New Species of the Genera Endaeus and Endaenidius, ESAKIA, Volume 35 (1995), pp. 63-102 | DOI
[108] Mites, nematodes and the multimillion dollar weevil, Journal of Natural History, Volume 38 (2004) no. 2, pp. 135-141 | DOI
[109] The evolutionary and biogeographic origin and diversification of the tropical monocot order Zingiberales, Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany, Volume 22 (2006), p. 49 (https://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/49)
[110] Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Rhinorhynchinae (Coleoptera:Nemonychidae), Invertebrate Systematics, Volume 24 (2011) no. 6 | DOI
[111] A polinização e sua relação com a termogênese em espécies de Arecaceae e Annonaceae da Amazônia Central, Acta Amazonica, Volume 28 (1998) no. 3, p. 217-217 | DOI
[112] Extraction and identification of the main compound present in Elaeis guineensis flower volatiles, Pertanika, Volume 8 (1985), pp. 105-108
[113] Time-Dependent Trapping of Pollinators Driven by the Alignment of Floral Phenology with Insect Circadian Rhythms, Frontiers in Plant Science, Volume 8 (2017) | DOI
[114] Les insectes des palmiers, Paris, 1947
[115] Critical factors limiting pollination success in oil palm: A systematic review, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, Volume 280 (2019), pp. 152-160 | DOI
[116] Molecular dating and biogeography of fig-pollinating wasps, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Volume 52 (2009) no. 3, pp. 715-726 | DOI
[117] An updated index to genera, species, and infraspecific taxa of Neotropical Annonaceae, Nordic Journal of Botany, Volume 29 (2011) no. 3, pp. 257-356 | DOI
[118] Angiosperm diversification through time, American Journal of Botany, Volume 96 (2009) no. 1, pp. 349-365 | DOI
[119] Methyl acetate, a highly volatile floral semiochemical mediating specialized plant-beetle interactions, The Science of Nature, Volume 108 (2021) no. 3 | DOI
[120] Factors driving the global decline of cycad diversity, AoB PLANTS, Volume 9 (2017) no. 4 | DOI
[121] LI.— On new Curculionidæ from the oriental region (Col.), Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Volume 17 (1926) no. 100, pp. 353-371 | DOI
[122] XXVII.— New Curculionidæ ( Col. ) from tropical Africa, Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Volume 10 (1932) no. 57, pp. 217-230 | DOI
[123] I.— New Curculionidæ ( Col. ) from the Belgian Congo, Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Volume 11 (1933) no. 61, pp. 1-16 | DOI
[124] Pollination syndromes ignored: importance of non-ornithophilous flowers to Neotropical savanna hummingbirds, Naturwissenschaften, Volume 100 (2013) no. 11, pp. 1061-1068 | DOI
[125] 3.3. Belidae Schoenherr, 1826, Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera, De Gruyter, 2014, pp. 316-328 | DOI
[126] Comparison of Flight Ability of Native and Two Laboratory-Reared Strains of Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on a Flight Mill1, Environmental Entomology, Volume 17 (1988) no. 5, pp. 852-854 | DOI
[127] Codivergence and multiple host species use by fig wasp populations of the Ficus pollination mutualism, BMC Evolutionary Biology, Volume 12 (2012) no. 1 | DOI
[128] Oil palm pollinator dynamics and their behavior on flowers of different oil palm species Elaeis guineensis, Elaeis oleifera and the oleifera x guineensis hybrid in Ecuador, Pertanika, Volume 42 (2019), pp. 1295-1320
[129] Aspectos da autoecologia de Cecropia glaziovii Snethl. (Cecropiaceae), fundamentos para o manejo e conservaçao de populaçoes naturais da especie, Dissertação – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal. Departamento de Botânica. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (2004), pp. 1-78 (https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/86682)
[130] Pollination biology in a lowland dipterocarp forest in Sarawak, Malaysia. I. Characteristics of the plant-pollinator community in a lowland dipterocarp forest, American Journal of Botany, Volume 85 (1998) no. 10, pp. 1477-1501 | DOI
[131] Threatened biotas: "Hot spots" in tropical forests, The Environmentalist, Volume 8 (1988) no. 3, pp. 187-208 | DOI
[132] A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae), Phytotaxa, Volume 294 (2017) no. 1 | DOI
[133] The dilemma of being a fragrant flower: the major floral volatile attracts pollinators and florivores in the euglossine-pollinated orchid Dichaea pendula, Oecologia, Volume 182 (2016) no. 4, pp. 933-946 | DOI
[134] Parasitoids Turn Herbivores into Mutualists in a Nursery System Involving Active Pollination, Current Biology, Volume 28 (2018) no. 6 | DOI
[135] Polinización por abejas en Syagrus orinocensis (Arecaceae) en la Orinoquia colombiana, Acta Biológica Colombiana, Volume 22 (2017) no. 2 | DOI
[136] Ecología de la polinización de tres especies de Oenocarpus (Arecaceae) simpátricas en la Amazonia Colombiana, Revista de Biología Tropical, Volume 63 (2015) no. 1 | DOI
[137] Diurnal palm pollination by mystropine beetles: is it weather-related?, Plant Systematics and Evolution, Volume 254 (2005) no. 3-4, pp. 149-171 | DOI
[138] Biología reproductiva y ecología de la polinización de la palma milpesos Oenocarpus bataua en los Andes colombianos, Caldasia, Volume 30 (2008), pp. 101-125
[139] “Evil weevils” – the key to cycad survival and diversification?, Lindstrom AJ, ed. The Biology, Structure and Systematics of the Cycadales. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Cycad Biology, Nong Nooch Tropical Botanical Garden, Chonburi, 2004, pp. 170-194
[140] Systematics and evolution of the tribe Amorphocerini, with a review of the cycad weevils of the world, Ph.D. dissertation, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa (1996)
[141] New taxa of Ochyromerina from Africa, with comments on the subtribe and description of immature stages (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Tychiini), Journal of African Entomology, Volume 107 (1993), pp. 217-252
[142] 3.7. Curculionidae Latreille, 1802, Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera, DE GRUYTER, 2014, pp. 423-648 | DOI
[143] Weevils, weevils, weevils everywhere*, Zootaxa, Volume 1668 (2007) no. 1, pp. 491-520 | DOI
[144] <em>Talbragarus averyi </em>gen. et sp. n., the first Jurassic weevil from the southern hemisphere (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Nemonychidae), Zootaxa, Volume 3478 (2012) no. 1, pp. 256-266 | DOI
[145] How many flowering plants are pollinated by animals?, Oikos, Volume 120 (2011) no. 3, pp. 321-326 | DOI
[146] Global Patterns and Drivers of Bee Distribution, Current Biology, Volume 31 (2021) no. 3 | DOI
[147] The fossil history and phylogeny of the cycadales, Geophytology, Volume 17 (1987) no. 2, pp. 125-162
[148] Edible Fruit Plant Species in the Amazon Forest Rely Mostly on Bees and Beetles as Pollinators, Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 114 (2021) no. 2, pp. 710-722 | DOI
[149] Pollination of New CaledonianWinteraceae: Opportunistic shifts or parallel radiation with their pollinators?, Plant Systematics and Evolution, Volume 173 (1990) no. 3-4, pp. 143-157 | DOI
[150] Pollinating Seed Eaters: Why is Active Pollination so Rare?, Ecology, Volume 78 (1997) no. 6 | DOI
[151] Yuccas, Yucca Moths, and Coevolution: A Review, Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Volume 90 (2003) no. 1 | DOI
[152] Evolution of Pollination and Mutualism in the Yucca Moth Lineage, The American Naturalist, Volume 148 (1996) no. 5, pp. 827-847 | DOI
[153] Insect pollination in deep time, Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2023) (in press) | DOI
[154] Safeguarding pollinators and their values to human well-being, Nature, Volume 540 (2016) no. 7632, pp. 220-229 | DOI
[155] A revision of African Lecythidaceae, Kew Bulletin, Volume 70 (2015) no. 1 | DOI
[156] 3.7.9 Conoderinae Schoenherr, 1833, Leschen RAB & Beutel RG, eds. Morphology and Systematics (Phytophaga), Volume 3, De Gruyter, Berlin, München, Boston, 2014, pp. 577-589
[157] Annotated catalogue of Australian weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea), Zootaxa, Volume 3896 (2014) no. 1 | DOI
[158] Ecology of pollination in a tropical venezuelan savanna, Plant Ecology, Volume 173 (2004) no. 2, pp. 171-189
[159] Floral Temperature and Optimal Foraging: Is Heat a Feasible Floral Reward for Pollinators?, PLoS ONE, Volume 3 (2008) no. 4 | DOI
[160] Reproductive Biology of Two Sympatric Species of Polyalthia (Annonaceae) in Sri Lanka. I. Pollination by Curculionid Beetles, International Journal of Plant Sciences, Volume 167 (2006) no. 3, pp. 483-493 | DOI
[161] The macroecology of animal versus wind pollination: ecological factors are more important than historical climate stability, Plant Ecology & Diversity, Volume 9 (2016) no. 3, pp. 253-262 | DOI
[162] Pollination by Wind and Animals: Ecology of Geographic Patterns, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Volume 13 (1982) no. 1, pp. 497-524 | DOI
[163] Pollinators of tropical dioecious angiosperms, American Journal of Botany, Volume 80 (1993) no. 9, pp. 1100-1107 | DOI
[164] Ecologia da polinização de Butia capitata (Martius) Beccari var. odorata (Palmae), no sul do Brasil, MSc Thesis. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (2000)
[165] A review of brood-site pollination mutualism: plants providing breeding sites for their pollinators, Journal of Plant Research, Volume 115 (2002) no. 3, pp. 161-168 | DOI
[166] Cycad-Weevil Pollination Symbiosis Is Characterized by Rapidly Evolving and Highly Specific Plant-Insect Chemical Communication, Frontiers in Plant Science, Volume 12 (2021) | DOI
[167] An ancient push-pull pollination mechanism in cycads, Science Advances, Volume 6 (2020) no. 24 | DOI
[168] Cone humidity is a strong attractant in an obligate cycad pollination system, Current Biology, Volume 33 (2023) no. 9 (in press) | DOI
[169] Cycad-feeding insects share a core gut microbiome, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 123 (2018) no. 4, pp. 728-738 | DOI
[170] Coleopteran Pollinators of Annonaceae in the Brazilian Cerrado—A Review, Diversity, Volume 13 (2021) no. 9 | DOI
[171] Genome‐wide sequence data show no evidence of hybridization and introgression among pollinator wasps associated with a community of Panamanian strangler figs, Molecular Ecology, Volume 31 (2022) no. 7, pp. 2106-2123 | DOI
[172] The evolution of key functional floral traits in the early divergent angiosperm family Annonaceae, Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Volume 58 (2020) no. 4, pp. 369-392 | DOI
[173] Specialization of Mutualistic Interaction Networks Decreases toward Tropical Latitudes, Current Biology, Volume 22 (2012) no. 20, pp. 1925-1931 | DOI
[174] Limiting cheaters in mutualism: evidence from hybridization between mutualist and cheater yucca moths, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Volume 272 (2005) no. 1577, pp. 2195-2201 | DOI
[175] Phylogenomic Data Yield New and Robust Insights into the Phylogeny and Evolution of Weevils, Molecular Biology and Evolution, Volume 35 (2018) no. 4, pp. 823-836 | DOI
[176] Pollination and evolution in palms, Phyton, Volume 30 (1990) no. 2, pp. 213-233
[177] Morphological and Functional Flower Characteristics of New and Old World Annonaceae with Respect to Their Mode of Pollination, Taxon, Volume 52 (2003) no. 4 | DOI
[178] Interactions of the Cerrado Palms Butia paraguayensis and Syagrus petraea with Parasitic and Pollinating Insects, Sociobiology, Volume 60 (2013) no. 3
[179] Diversity of Curculionoidea in Humid Rain Forest Canopies of Borneo: A Taxonomic Blank Spot, Diversity, Volume 10 (2018) no. 4 | DOI
[180] Pollinator sharing, copollination, and speciation by host shifting among six closely related dioecious fig species, Communications Biology, Volume 5 (2022) no. 1 | DOI
[181] Studies on oil palm pollination by insects, Bulletin of Entomological Research, Volume 69 (1979) no. 2, pp. 213-224 | DOI
[182] Insect pollination of oil palm: introduction, establishment and pollinating efficiency of Elaeidobius kamerunicus in Malaysia, Planter, Volume 58 (1982), pp. 547-561
[183] Scent emissions and floral nutrients of Carludovicoideae (Cyclanthaceae) and their importance for associated beetles, Plant Systematics and Evolution, Volume 304 (2018) no. 7, pp. 831-839 | DOI
[184] Insect pollination of cycads, Austral Ecology, Volume 45 (2020) | DOI
[185] Perceptions, usages et vulnérabilité des ressources végétales ligneuses dans le Sud-Ouest du Burkina Faso, International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Volume 5 (2011) no. 1 | DOI
[186] Variation in sexual reproduction in orchids and its evolutionary consequences: a spasmodic journey to diversification, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 84 (2005) no. 1, pp. 1-54 | DOI
[187] The ecology of trees in the tropical rain forest, Cambridge Tropical Biology Series, Cambridge, 2001
[188] O gênero Celetes Schoenherr, 1836 (Curculionidae, Erirhininae): filogenia, sistematica e evoluçao com palmeiras hospedeiras, Doctoral thesis, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 2005
[189] The first species of Cotithene Voss (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae) from Amazonian Brazil, with notes on its role as a pollinator of Evodianthus funifer (Poit.) Lindm. (Cyclanthaceae), Zootaxa, Volume 4576.3.3 (2019) | DOI
[190] The first Amazonian species of <em>Andranthobius</em> Kuschel (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with records of new host palms for the genus, Zootaxa, Volume 3786 (2014) no. 4 | DOI
[191] A new species of <em>Anchylorhynchus </em>Schoenherr (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from the Amazon, with a record of a new host palm for the genus, Zootaxa, Volume 3709 (2013) no. 4 | DOI
[192] Ozone Pollution Alters Olfaction and Behavior of Pollinators, Antioxidants, Volume 10 (2021) no. 5 | DOI
[193] Plant-Pollinator Networks in the Tropics: A Review, Ecological Networks in the Tropics, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2018, pp. 73-91 | DOI
[194] Historia naturalis palmarum. Opus tripatitum, cuius volumen primum palmas generatim tractat; volumen secundum Brasiliae palmas singulatim descriptione et icone illustrat; volumen tertium ordinis, familiarum, generum characteres recenset species selectas describit et figuris adumbrat adiecta omnium synopsi, 1, T.O. Weigel: Lipsiae, 1823
[195] Insect decline in the Anthropocene: Death by a thousand cuts, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 118 (2021) no. 2 | DOI
[196] Geologic Time Scale v. 5.0: Geological Society of America. , 2018 (https://www.geosociety.org/documents/gsa/timescale/timescl.pdf)
[197] Molecular mechanisms of mutualistic and antagonistic interactions in a plant–pollinator association, Nature Ecology & Evolution, Volume 5 (2021) no. 7, pp. 974-986 | DOI
[198] How many species of arthropods visit flowers?, Arthropod-Plant Interactions, Volume 9 (2015) no. 6, pp. 547-565 | DOI
[199] The ecology and evolution of the New World non-pollinating fig wasp communities, Journal of Biogeography, Volume 23 (1996) no. 4, pp. 447-458 | DOI
[200] Wind Pollination in the Angiosperms: Evolutionary and Environmental Considerations, Evolution, Volume 23 (1969) no. 1 | DOI
[201] Co-Evolution of Figs and Their Insect Pollinators, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Volume 10 (1979) no. 1, pp. 1-12 | DOI
[202] A review of rainforest pollination and plant-pollinator interactions with particular reference to Australian subtropical rainforests, Australian Zoologist, Volume 29 (1994) no. 3-4, pp. 177-212 | DOI
[203] Meta-Analysis of Pollen Limitation Reveals the Relevance of Pollination Generalization in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, PLoS ONE, Volume 9 (2014) no. 2 | DOI
[204] Worldwide occurrence records suggest a global decline in bee species richness, One Earth, Volume 4 (2021) no. 1, pp. 114-123 | DOI
[205] An atlas of orchid pollination: America, Africa, Asia and Australia, CRC Press, Rotterdam, 2001
Cited by Sources: