Section: Paleontology
Topic: Paleontology

Spatio-temporal diversity of dietary preferences and stress sensibilities of early and middle Miocene Rhinocerotidae from Eurasia: impact of climate changes

10.24072/pcjournal.222 - Peer Community Journal, Volume 3 (2023), article no. e5.

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Major climatic and ecological changes are documented in terrestrial ecosystems during the Miocene epoch. The Rhinocerotidae are a very interesting clade to investigate the impact of these changes on ecology, as they are abundant and diverse in the fossil record throughout the Miocene. Here, we explored the spatio-temporal evolution of rhinocerotids’ paleoecology during the early and middle Miocene of Europe and Pakistan. We studied the dental texture microwear (proxy for diet) and enamel hypoplasia (stress indicator) of 19 species belonging to four sub-tribes and an unnamed clade of Rhinocerotidae, and coming from nine Eurasian localities ranging from Mammal Neogene zone (MN) 2 to MN7/8. Our results suggest clear differences in the feeding ecology and thus niche partitioning at Kumbi 4 (MN2, Pakistan), Sansan (MN6, France), and Villefranche d’Astarac (MN7/8, France), while overlap of the interpreted diets and subtle variations are discussed for Béon 1 (MN4, France) and Gračanica (MN5/6, Bosnia-Herzegovina). All rhinocerotids studied were interpreted as browsers or mixed-feeders, and none had a grazer nor frugivore diet. The prevalence of hypoplasia was moderate (10%) to high (> 20%) at all localities but Kumbi 4 (6%), and documented quite well the local conditions. For instance, the high prevalence at the close to Miocene Climatic Optimum locality of Béon 1 (26%) has been correlated with periodical droughts, while the moderate ones (10%) at Sansan and Devínska Nová Ves Spalte (Slovakia) both dated from the MN6 (i.e., by the middle Miocene Climatic Transition, ca. 13.9 Mya) were linked to the persistence of sub-tropical local conditions. Besides locality, species and tooth locus were also important factors of variation for the prevalence of hypoplasia. The very large hippo-like Brachypotherium brachypus was one of the most affected species at all concerned localities (but Sansan), whereas early-diverging elasmotheriines were very little affected, suggesting an influence of phylogeny and/or diet in stress susceptibility.

Published online:
DOI: 10.24072/pcjournal.222
Type: Research article
Hullot, Manon 1; Merceron, Gildas 2; Antoine, Pierre-Olivier 3

1 Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie – Munich, Germany
2 PALEVOPRIM UMR 7262, CNRS, Université de Poitiers – Poitiers, France
3 Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution, UMR5554, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD – Montpellier, France
License: CC-BY 4.0
Copyrights: The authors retain unrestricted copyrights and publishing rights
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Hullot, Manon; Merceron, Gildas; Antoine, Pierre-Olivier. Spatio-temporal diversity of dietary preferences and stress sensibilities of early and middle Miocene Rhinocerotidae from Eurasia: impact of climate changes. Peer Community Journal, Volume 3 (2023), article  no. e5. doi : 10.24072/pcjournal.222. https://peercommunityjournal.org/articles/10.24072/pcjournal.222/

Peer reviewed and recommended by PCI : 10.24072/pci.paleo.100012

Conflict of interest of the recommender and peer reviewers:
The recommender in charge of the evaluation of the article and the reviewers declared that they have no conflict of interest (as defined in the code of conduct of PCI) with the authors or with the content of the article.

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